Antibacterial Potential of Aqueous Extracts and Compounds from Selected Brown Seaweeds

¹ Department of Diagnostic and Allied Health Science, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Management and Science University, 40100 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

² Pharmaceutical Chemistry Unit, School of Pharmacy, Management and Science University, 40100 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

³ Centre for Restorative Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

INNOSC Theranostics and Pharmacological Sciences 2019, 2(1), 804 https://doi.org/10.26689/itps.v2i1.804

Submitted: 17 July 2019 | Accepted: 13 September 2019 | Published: 24 September 2019

© 2019 by the Authors. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution -Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC-by the license) ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ )

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Abstract

Background: The incident of antibacterial resistance is increasing rapidly. Seaweeds, the marine macroalgae that are
rich in bioactive compounds have the potential to be applied as an antimicrobial agent.
Objective: The objective was to assess the potential of brown seaweed aqueous extracts (Sargassum polycystum and Padina australis) and commercial pure compounds (alginic acid and fucoidan) as antimicrobial agent toward Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as well as Gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus.
Methods: Powdered brown seaweeds were macerated with distilled water and followed by filtration. The aqueous extracts
were recovered by ethanol precipitation, oven-dried, and stored at 4°C. Aqueous extracts were examined for their qualitative phytochemical content and antibacterial susceptibility test using Kirby–Bauer method.
Results: S. polycystum was reported for higher extraction yield (7.00%) than P. australis (1.40%). The presence of steroid,
phytosterols, and phenols was observed in S. polycystum extract while steroid and phytosterols were observed in P. australis extract. In antibacterial susceptibility test, there was no inhibition shown by both seaweed extracts against the four bacteria tested. Fucoidan (0.50 mol/L) and alginic acid (0.50 mol/L) were observed to have antibacterial property against S. aureus (with inhibition zone of 7.43±0.17 mm and 7.45±0.14 mm, respectively).
Conclusion: The aqueous extracts of S. polycystum and P. australis have shown low antibacterial activity, as compared to fucoidan and alginic acid. Further studies on the mode of antibacterial activity possessed by fucoidan and alginic acid will be carried out.

Keywords

Bactericidal action

Fucoidan

Alginic acid

Staphylococcus aureus

Macroalgae

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest in any kind.

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